Jagadish chandra bose death

Jagadish Chandra Bose () was an Indian scientist and inventor who rose to prominence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as one of the first modern scientists of India. He was a physicist, biophysicist, biologist, botanist, archaeologist, and writer.

Crescograph

জগদীশ চন্দ্র বসু বিজ্ঞানী রচনা class 5

Dm bose

Father of science history

J. C. Bose was a pioneer of many scientific contributions and is regarded as the ‘‘Father of Wireless Telecommunication’ for his contribution to wireless telegraphy. He did early studies on radio microwave optics. He was the inventor of the Crescograph, and he gave a start to semiconductor technology, laying the ground for the innovation of radio, television, and the internet.

In , he was also the first Indian to get a US patent for his invention of a semiconductor rectifier that is used for detecting radio signals. Bose is known as the &#;Father of Bengali Science Fiction,&#; and was founder and Director of &#;The Bose Institute.&#; Jagadish Chandra Bose died on 23 November of a cardiac arrest.

Wiki/Biography

Jagadish Chandra Bose was born on Tuesday, 30 November (age 78 years; at the time of death) in Mymensingh village of British India (now, Munshiganj district in Bangladesh).

His zodiac sign is Sagittarius.

Life history of jagdish chandra bose in kannada The power of physical methods applies to the establishment of that truth which can be realised directly through our senses, or through the vast expansion of the perceptive range by means of artificially created organs Jagadish Chandra Bose. The London Gazette 17 April Gosling

He grew up in a reputed, well-educated, Bengali Kshatriya family, who enjoyed a prosperous living. His early education happened at a local village Bangla school (Bengali language) because his father wanted his son to first get familiar with the Indian culture and language before fostering English manners and education.

This decision immensely helped to shape Jagdish Chandra Bose&#;s character, which he later mentioned at a conference, stating,

At that time, sending children to English schools was an aristocratic status symbol. In the vernacular school, to which I was sent, the son of the Muslim attendant of my father sat on my right side, and the son of a fisherman sat on my left.

They were my playmates. I listened spellbound to their stories of birds, animals, and aquatic creatures. Perhaps these stories created in my mind a keen interest in investigating the workings of Nature&#;.&#;

Bose did his schooling at Hare School and St. Xavier&#;s, Calcutta (now Kolkata).

He completed his college at St. Xavier&#;s College, Calcutta (now Kolkata), where he was admitted after cracking the entrance examination of the University of Calcutta in , and completed his Bachelor of Arts (B. A.) in He pursued his college studies in the United Kingdom at both London University and Cambridge University.

He pursued his BSc degree at the University College London (London University), which he got in , and his B.A. degree in Natural Sciences at Christ&#;s College (Cambridge University), which he completed in

Family & Caste

Jagadish Chandra Bose belonged to a Bengali Kshatriya family.

Parents & Siblings

Jagadish Chandra Bose&#;s father, Bhagawan Chandra Bose, was a Deputy Collector and an Indian activist associated with various Hindu Reform Movements.

He was an important member of the Brahmo Samaj. His mother, Bama Sundari Bose, was a homemaker. He had one sibling, Labanyaprabha Bose (elder sister), a writer who also worked for movements involving women&#;s emancipation and education in British India.

Wife & Children

Jagadish Chandra Bose was married to Abala Bose who was a social worker.

Other Relatives

Debendra Mohan Bose, the eminent physicist and longest-serving director of the Bose Institute was the nephew (maternal) of Jagadish Chandra Bose.

Anandamohan Bose was Jagadish Chandra Bose&#;s brother-in-law.

Religion/Religious Views

Jagadish Chandra Bose held monotheistic views.

Like his father, he was a true Brahmo and worshipped the Brahman (the holy spirit of the Universe). ((The Statesman))

Signature/Autograph

Career

As a Professor

In , Jagadish Chandra Bose began to work as a junior professor of physics at the Presidency College (University of Calcutta) and devoted 9 years to teaching science.

He was very famous among his students for his unique way of explaining the science behind natural phenomena, for which he built a laboratory for the benefit of the students. At this time, Bose conducted experiments to support his research and published papers. In these years, his college interest in Maxwell&#;s work and the electromagnetic theory of light reignited, and on his 34th birthday, he decided to devote his life to the branch of physics.

As a Physicist

Jagadish Chandra Bose started his first experiments in physics on the electromagnetic radiation.

He was the first to discover wireless communication as an application of electromagnetic waves.

Vikram sarabhai Bose's place in history is now being re-evaluated. I dedicate today this Institute—not merely a Laboratory but a Temple. Sudhir M. It was held that by its very peculiar constitution, the Indian mind would always turn away from the study of Nature to metaphysical speculations.

Bose questioned that despite having similar properties, why can&#;t electromagnetic waves travel without wire like light waves? The answer to this resulted in many groundbreaking discoveries, making Bose an eminent physicist.

Modified Heinrich Hertz apparatus to discover millimetre wavelengths

Jagadish Chandra Bose was the first in the world to generate and analyze the properties of the millimetre microwave wavelength.

He reached this discovery by modifying the large Hertz apparatus (that proved Maxwell&#;s theory about light and electromagnetic waves having similar properties) to a considerably compact one. By doing this, Bose could use ultra-high frequency (up to 60 GHz) to obtain shorter wavelengths, ranging between 25mm to 5mm in length.

He also used microwave signals, instead of the low and medium frequencies that were being used by Marconi and others. Results and observations deduced from this study added many inventions and discoveries to Bose&#;s credit. In , Jagadish Chandra Bose published his first paper, ‘On the Polarisation of Electric Rays by Double Reflecting Crystals.” In this paper, he talked about the optical qualities of microwaves by covering the polarization of electrical waves using double refraction.

The above device consists of a detector, known as a coherer, which Bose used to call the electrical eye, a galvanometer, which he referred to as the brain and the connecting wires known as the optic nerves.

He invented far smaller components like the polaroids, prisms, and induction coils than those used by Hertz. This apparatus proved that the electromagnetic and light waves confirmed the same laws as reflection, refraction, polarization, etc. Today, radio radar and television, which use wavelengths from m to 1 cm, have become part of our lives due to the pioneering efforts of J.

C. Bose.

Contribution to the wireless radio propagation

Jagadish Chandra Bose was a pioneer of radio technology. He developed an improved coherer, which he called a &#;universal radiometer&#; &#; a sensitive device to detect radio waves, and invented the Crystal Detector, which inspired the first radio receivers. In , just one year after starting his research, Jagadish Chandra Bose used an electric wave generator to fire a gun placed 75 feet away, even though the two were not connected by any wire.

He used his 5mm microwave wavelength discovery to conduct this experiment but modified his coherer even further to a wireless coherer that could wirelessly produce and transmit minute electric waves. The results of this experiment ignited interest in various scientists including Marconi, who were also attempting to transmit wireless messages.

While Guglielmo Marconi and Alexander Stepanovich Popov mainly focused on inventing applications and systems for conducting radio communication, Bose was chiefly inquisitive about knowing the phenomena and properties associated with radio wave optics. For many, Jagadish Chandra Bose paved the way for wireless communication, referring to him as the &#;Father of wireless technology,&#; a title that was formally given to Marconi in because Bose never patented his work and also had to face racial discrimination by the English, who favoured Europeans over Indians.

Many scholars believe that Marconi stole Bose&#;s invention of wireless technology. ((Frontline)) ((Skeptics)) ((Frontline Magazine)) ((The Telegraph))

Invented the forerunner of the modern photocell

Jagadish Chandra Bose, in his experiments, observed that certain metal parts suffered from fatigue after every charge of electricity.

To overcome this shortcoming, he started looking for its cause and thus studied the responses of inorganic matter. This led him to invent a detector called an artificial eye. Bose&#;s artificial eye is the precursor to the modern photocell that is used in radio and cine-projections.

In , when J.

C. Bose was sent on deputation to Europe to give lectures and demonstrations on his inventions and experiments, many businessmen approached him for the patent right of his newly devised detector for commercial exploitation. However, Bose denied all the offers, saying,

Science is not for sale.&#;

In , Bose became a name worldwide for his representation at the International Science Congress in Paris, where Swami Vivekananda was also present.

Speculated electromagnetic radiation of the sun

Jagadish Chandra Bose was invited to A Friday Evening Discourse (considered the most prestigious platform for announcing new discoveries at the time) at the Royal Institution, London by his Cambridge teacher Lord Rayleigh to conduct a lecture on his experiments, where he demonstrated the invention of his devices that could generate and detect radio waves and postulated the existence of electromagnetic radiation long before it was proved.

Discovery of Semiconductor Technology

He was the first person to apply semiconductors for practical purposes. In , Bose invented his first coherer, and in , he invented several semiconductor diodes.

The first patent for a semiconductor device was awarded to Jagadish Chandra Bose in for his invention of the Crystal Detector or Galena Detector. This device is the forerunner of what we today understand as the semiconductor technology present in our everyday appliances like cellphones, ATMs, and internet communications, to name a few. Nobel Laureate Sir Nevill Mott, in , applauded Jagadish Chandra Bose for his own contributions to solid-state electronics.

He remarked,

J. C. Bose was at least 60 years ahead of his time. He had anticipated the existence of P-type and N-type semiconductors.&#;

As a Botanist and Biologist

Bose was a pioneer in plant psychology. In , at the Royal Institution, London, Jagadish Chandra Bose gave a lecture demonstration to prove that non-organic matter such as metal responds in the same way as living matter.

He took a plant, a frog muscle, and a tin to show that all of them exhibit fatigue under continuous stimulation (enhancement of response under chemical stimulants and sensational response under poison). This highlighted the similarity between the living and the non-living. He concluded by saying,

How can we draw the line of demarcation and say here the physical ends and there the physiological begins?

It was when I came upon the mute witness of these self-made records that I understood for the first time, a little of the message proclaimed by my ancestors on the banks of the Ganga thousands of years ago- &#;they who see that &#;One&#; in all the manifold changes of this universe, unto them belongs the eternal truth, unto none else, unto none else.&#;

J.

C. Bose invented highly sensitive instruments to see the small responses of plants when exposed to external stimuli. He showed the world that plants too have life and experience feelings of pain, happiness, hotness, and coldness similar to animals and human beings. Bose also found that the vital energy/activity in plants or animals is derived from solar radiation.

In , Jagadish Chandra Bose was the first to invent the double lever Crescograph, a highly sensitive apparatus to study the growth of a plant that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

With its ability to magnify 10, times, it demonstrates how under different stimuli/nutrition, the rate of plant growth varies.

He also designed a magnetic crescograph that could magnify a million times the actual image visible to the naked eye. It also showed that plants can exhibit rhythmic movements similar to an animal&#;s heart. He used a frog&#;s heart and a plant leaf to conclude this. The curves of the frog&#;s heartbeats obtained on the crescograph&#;s recording glass plate were similar to the ones recorded on the leaf.

When a poison is dropped on the leaf, the needle of the recording glass drops to zero, which means that the pulsations of the plant have stopped, leading to its death. With Crescograph, Jagadish Chandra Bose could also determine the speed of transmission of excitation through plant tissue.

Despite showing invaluable discoveries as a botanist and biologist, Bose was not given the international honour that he deserved.

Life history of jagdish chandra bose He had been knighted in , and elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in Around 1 million aspirants learn from the ClearIAS every month. He met Jesuit Father Eugene Lafont there, and he credits him with greatly influencing the growth of his interest in the natural sciences. His father served as a civil official with the titles of Deputy Magistrate and Assistant Commissioner of Police ACP in several locations, including Faridpur and Bardhaman, and was a prominent member of the Brahmo Samaj.

Instead, his studies were published and recognised in the name of the English scientists. In a letter written in from London to Rabindranath Tagore, Bose describes his state of mind:

“You will not know what difficulties I have to face. You cannot imagine. The publication of my article on ‘Plant Response’, which I wrote in last May in the Royal Society, was stopped by the conspiracy of Waller and Sanderson.

But my discoveries have been published by Waller in his own name in a journal last November. All these days I did not know about it.…..I am depressed. I wish to return now and regain the spirit of life by touching the dust of Bharata.” ((The Wire))

A torsional recorder was invented by J. C. Bose to understand the science behind the movement of the plant towards the light source.

This was his distinctive photosynthesis recorder.

As a Writer

Jagadish Chandra Bose is considered the &#;Father of Bengali Fiction.&#; He wrote &#;Niruddesher Kahini&#; (The Story of the Missing One), in , which is the first Bengali Science Fiction.

This short story was later added to a collection, &#;Abyakta&#; (collection of essays), under the name Polatok Tuphan (The Absconding Cyclone). The story describes how a cyclone could be prevented using a bottle of Kuntalin hair oil, which is the real hero in the story. ((Factor Daily)). He authored many books on his experiments and belief in science.

Founder of Basu Vigyan Mandir (The Bose Institute)

On 30 November , with the opening of the Bose Institute in Calcutta, Jagadish Chandra Bose realized his dream of opening an advanced research institute.

He gave all his life&#;s earnings to build this institute and gave the last 18 years of his life to scientific investigation that was carried out at the Bose Institute under his guidance.

Life history of jagdish chandra bose images Jeffrey Somers. He is known as the father of Radio science as well. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jagadish Chandra Bose. Lord Rayleigh.

He called it a &#;temple.&#; This research institute bears the dedicated inscription by J. C. Bose-

I dedicate this institute to God. For the glory of India and for the welfare of all mankind.&#;

The Bose Institute, Kolkata was founded by Jagadish Chandra Bose

Sir J.

C. Bose with prominent personalities at the Bose Institute in Standing from left is N. C. Nag, J. C. Ghosh, J. C. Bose, M. N. Saha, S Dutta. Sitting from left is N. R. Sen, J. N. Mukherjee, S. N. Bose, D. M. Bose

Awards and Honours

• Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) ()

• Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) ()

• Fellow of the Royal Society ()

• J.

  C. Bose ranked 7th by the BBC poll of &#;the Greatest Bengali of all time&#; ()

• Google commemorated Jagadish Chandra Bose on his th birth anniversary () ((India Today))

  A Google doodle commemorating Jagadish Chandra Bose on his th birth anniversary

• Member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences ()

• President of the 14th session of the Indian Science Congress ()

• Member of the League of Nations Committee for Intellectual Cooperation (from to )

• Represented India in the “International Congress of Physicists” at the Paris Exhibition ()

• Founding fellow of the National Institute of Sciences of India (now the Indian National Science Academy)

• A postal stamp was released in by the Indian Post Office to honour the birth centenary of Jagadish Chandra Bose.

  A Indian Postage Stamp, issued to commemorate the birth centenary of Jagadish Chandra Bose

Legacy

• A crater located on the southern hemisphere of the moon is named after Jagadish Chandra Bose.

• Many biographical books have been written on Jagadish Chandra Bose like &#;Unsung Genius: A Life of Jagadish Chandra Bose,&#; &#;The Scientific Sufi, and &#;Jagadish Chandra Bose: The Reluctant Physicist.&#;

  The Scientific Sufi- A biographical book on Jagadish Chandra Bose

• J.

  C. Bose was ranked number 7 by the BBC poll of &#;the Greatest Bengali of all time&#; in

• An Indian Botanic Garden was renamed in his honour as the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Kolkata, on 25 June

  An inside view of Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Botanical Garden in Kolkata

Death

Jagadish Chandra Bose died on 23 November due to a heart attack in Giridih, Jharkhand, India.

A day before death, he discussed with his wife, Abala Bose, and secretary to donate all his personal funds to various institutions that were working for the cause of social welfare. His ashes are enshrined on the grounds of the Bose Institute.

Homi bhabha

Life history of jagdish chandra bose information in hindi

Jagdish chandra bose history

His entire savings and wealth went to the charity.

Facts/Trivia

• Bose&#;s friends from the Bengali school included sons of farmers, tradesmen, fishermen, and his father&#;s attendants. According to Jagadish Chandra Bose, growing up in a company of people from different castes and communities, never made him indulge in caste discrimination.

  He once talked about this, and said,
  

  When I returned home from school accompanied by my school fellows, my mother welcomed and fed all of us without discrimination. Although she was an orthodox old-fashioned lady, she never considered herself guilty of impiety by treating these &#;untouchables&#; as her own children.

  It was because of my childhood friendship with them that I could never feel that there were &#;creatures&#; who might be labeled &#;low-caste&#;, I never realized that there existed a &#;problem&#; common to the two communities, Hindus and Muslims.&#;

• In the English-medium school, Jagadish Chandra Bose was bullied for his native accent by his co-mates.

  When he was the faculty at the Presidency College, Calcutta (now Kolkata), he was paid one-third of his European counterparts at the time of temporary recruitment, and two-thirds of his British co-professors at the time of permanent service. He revolted against this unfairness by working without pay for the first three years of his service at the Presidency College.

• When Bose went to London for his higher studies, he was enrolled as a student of medicine but left it midway because of health reasons.

• Rabindranath Tagore was Jagadish Chandra Bose&#;s close friend and dedicated a poem to him after he achieved a prominent status as a scientist.

  A poem written by Rabindranath Tagore in honour of Jagadish Chandra Bose

• Initially, J. C. Bose&#;s research on microwaves was condemned by the physics department of the Presidency College under the belief that it would neglect his duties as a teacher.

  Homi bhabha: A friend in the US persuaded him to take out a US patent on his detector, but he did not actively pursue it and allowed it to lapse. In the same year, India issued a postage stamp bearing his portrait. In addition to his scientific publications, Bose made a mark in literature as well. It was one of the first works of Bengali science fiction.

  Some scholars believe that Bose was denied access to laboratories because of racial discrimination ((The Independent)). Later, The Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, to promote research and help Bose granted a research post in the college with an annual grant of Rs. , but this was later withdrawn as Bose voted against the government&#;s stand on some other issue during a university meeting.

• Jagadish Chandra Bose&#;s key financial, emotional, and intellectual helper was &#;Sister Nivedita,&#; who referred to Bose as her ‘bairn’ (child).

  She was almost a member of his family and was his best supporter. Nivedita saw the genius in him long before he came to prominence and organised the resources and finances that Bose required for his research and laboratory so much so that even at the time of her death, she was arranging finances that were a prerequisite for Bose to excel as a scientist.

  She also worked as a catalyst to unite Swami Vivekananda and J. C. Bose as friends. In , at the inauguration ceremony of the Basu Vigyan Mandir, Bose, in remembrance of the dead Bhagini Nivedita, said,
  

  In all my struggling efforts, I have not been altogether solitary. While the world doubted, there have been a few, now in the city of silence, who never wavered in their trust.”

  She felt that Bose&#;s work was inspired by the Vedantic idea of &#;oneness of the entire existence.&#; Bose was very deeply connected to her, and this was noticed by Rabindranath Tagore, who, in , after Bose&#;s death, remarked,

  In the days of his struggles, Jagadish gained an invaluable energiser and helper in Sister Nivedita and in any record of his life’s work, her name must be given a place of honour.”

  Sister Nivedita

  Sister Nivedita&#;s relief at Bose Institute, modelled on Nandalal Bose’s painting of Nivedita &#; &#;Lady with the lamp&#;

• Jagadish Chandra Bose used to watch Jatras, which inspired his interest in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.

  He highly held the character of Karna in the Mahabharata, which shaped his philosophical view about victories and success. Talking about Karna, he once said,
  

  Always in struggle for the uplift of the people, yet with so little success, such frequent failures, that to most he seemed a failure. All this too gave me a lower and lower idea of all worldly success &#; how small its so-called victories are!

  &#; and higher and higher idea of conflict and defeat; and of true success born of defeat. In such ways I have come to feel one with the highest spirit of my race; with every fibre thrilling with the emotion of the past. That is its noblest teaching &#; that the only real and spiritual advantage is to fight fair, never to take crooked ways, but keep to the straight path, whatever be in the way.&#;

• As a schoolboy, Jagadish Chandra Bose desired to be a Civil Servant, just like his father, but his father wanted him to &#;rule nobody but himself,&#; wishing his son to be a scholar.

• The Father of Indian Chemistry Prafulla Chandra Ray was a three-year junior colleague of Jagadish Chandra Bose at the Presidency College, and they both developed a warm friendship and were teachers to the famous scientist Satyendra Nath Bose.

  ((The Telegraph))

•  The popular British playwright G. B. Shaw became friends with J. C. Bose after he invented Crescograph and dedicated many of his plays to him. One of his inscriptions for Bose is “From the least biotechnologist to the greatest biotechnologist of the world.”

• He also goes by the name Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose.