Antoine de saint-exupéry quotes
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
French writer and aviator ()
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry | |
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Saint-Exupéry in | |
| Born | Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupéry ()29 June Lyon, France |
| Died | c.
31 July () (aged&#;44) |
| Occupation | Aviator, writer |
| Education | Villa St. Jean International School |
| Genre | Autobiography, belles-lettres, essays, children's literature |
| Notable awards | |
| Spouse | |
| Allegiance | |
| Service / branch | |
| Years&#;of service |
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| Rank | Commander |
| Unit |
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| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | |
Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, vicomte de Saint-Exupéry (29 June – c.
31 July ), known simply as Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (,[4],[5]French:[ɑ̃twandəsɛ̃t‿ɛɡzypeʁi]ⓘ), was a French writer, poet, journalist and aviator.
Saint-Exupéry trained as a commercial pilot in the early decades of s, working airmail routes across Europe, Africa, and South America.
Between and , four of his literary works were published: the short story The Aviator, novels Southern Mail and Night Flight, and the memoir Wind, Sand and Stars. Saint-Exupéry joined the French Air Force for World War II and flew reconnaissance missions until France's armistice with Germany in Being demobilised by the Air Force, Saint-Exupéry lived in exile in the United States between and and helped persuade it to enter the war.
During this time, his works Flight to Arras and The Little Prince were published.
Saint-Exupéry joined the Free French Air Force in , despite being past the maximum age as a war pilot and in declining health.
Antoine de saint exupery biography in french history Consequently, from to , his scientific curiosity and his piloting skills led him to register a series of patents with France's National Institute of Industrial Property, all relating to his inventions in the field of aviation. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! The mythical poet of aviation has definitively entered into legend. Spoilers end here.During a reconnaissance mission over Corsica on 31 July , Saint-Exupéry's plane disappeared: it is presumed to have crashed.[6] Debris from the wreckage was discovered off the coast of Marseille in , but the cause of the crash remains unknown.[7]
Youth and aviation
Saint-Exupéry was born in Lyon, into the French aristocratic Catholic family that traced its lineage back several centuries.
Their surname references the 5th-century bishop Saint Exuperius. He was the third child of ViscountJean de Saint-Exupéry (–) and his wife, Marie Boyer de Fonscolombe ().[8][10][Note 1] His father, an executive of the Le Soleil (The Sun) insurance brokerage, died of a stroke in the train station of La Foux before Saint-Exupéry's 4th birthday.
His father's death affected the entire family, transforming their status to that of "impoverished aristocrats".
Saint-Exupéry had three sisters and a younger brother, François, who died at age 15 of rheumatic fever contracted while both were attending the MarianistCollege Villa St. Jean in Fribourg, Switzerland, during World War I.
Saint-Exupéry attended to his brother, who he claimed was his closest confidant, beside his death bed, and later wrote that François "remained motionless for an instant. He did not cry out.
The little prince: He took off the night of July 31, , and was never seen again. The child's perspective of the world, human life and relations between people, which is represented by the Little Prince and partially by the narrator, is set off against the "grown-ups" revealed in memories of the narrator and in the characters, met by the Little Prince on asteroids. But the author underlines that the "'grown-ups' are like that. On July 31, , he left Corsica for a reconnaissance mission over occupied France.
He fell as gently as a [young] tree falls", imagery later recrafted into the climactic ending of The Little Prince. At the age of 17, now the only male in the family following the death of his brother, Saint-Exupéry soon assumed the role of a protector and took to consoling his family, despite still being distraught over his father's death.
After twice failing his final exams at a preparatory Naval Academy, Saint-Exupéry entered the École des Beaux-Arts as an auditor to study architecture for 15 months, again without graduating, and then fell into the habit of accepting odd jobs.
In , Saint-Exupéry began his military service as a basic-rank soldier with the 2e Régiment de chasseurs à cheval (2nd Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment) and was sent to Neuhof, near Strasbourg. While there, he took private flying lessons and the following year was offered a transfer from the French Army to the French Air Force.
He received his pilot's wings after being posted to the 37th Fighter Regiment in Casablanca, Morocco.
Later, Saint-Exupéry was reposted to the 34th Aviation Regiment at Le Bourget on the outskirts of Paris, and then experienced the first of his many aircraft crashes. Saint-Exupéry, influenced by the urgings of the family of his fiancée, future novelist Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, subsequently left the air force to take an office job.
The couple ultimately broke off their engagement and he worked at several more odd jobs over the next few years.[15]
By , Saint-Exupéry was flying again. He became one of the pioneers of international postal flight, in the days when aircraft had few instruments. Later, he complained that those who flew the more advanced aircraft had become more like accountants than pilots.
He worked for Aéropostale between Toulouse and Dakar, and then also became the airline stopover manager for the Cape Juby airfield in the Spanish zone of South Morocco, in the Sahara. His duties included negotiating the safe release of downed fliers taken hostage by Saharan tribes, a perilous task that earned him his first Légion d'honneur from the French Government in [16]
In , Saint-Exupéry was transferred to Argentina, where he was appointed director of the Aeroposta Argentina airline.
He lived in Buenos Aires, in the Galería Güemes building.
Antoine de saint exupery biography in french literature His similarly themed Night Flight was published in after he returned from a two-year posting in Argentina, where he had helped to establish an air mail system. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Many more of his letters and writings would be published later, including essays, correspondence, and press articles. The now greatly-respected author could not find his place in a Manichean universe split between supporters of General de Gaulle and those who preferred to collaborate with the enemy.He surveyed new air routes across South America, negotiated agreements, and occasionally flew the airmail as well as search missions looking for downed fliers. This period of his life is briefly explored in Wings of Courage, an IMAX film by French director Jean-Jacques Annaud.[17]
Writing career
Saint-Exupéry's first novella, L'Aviateur (The Aviator), was published in in a short-lived literary magazine, Le Navire d'Argent (The Silver Ship).[20] In , his first book, Courrier Sud (Southern Mail) was published.
It chronicled his time flying the Casablanca-Dakar mail route.[21]
The publication of Night Flight established Saint-Exupéry as a rising star in the literary world. It was the first of his major works to gain widespread acclaim, and it won the prix Femina. The novel mirrored his experiences as a mail pilot and director of the Aeroposta Argentina.
That same year, at Grasse, Saint-Exupéry married Consuelo Suncin (née Suncín Sandoval), a once-divorced, once-widowed Salvadoran writer and artist, who Saint-Exupéry described as having possessed a bohemian spirit and a "viper's tongue".
Saint-Exupéry left and returned to his wife many times—he saw her as both his muse, but, over the long term, the source of much of his angst.[23] The relationship has been described as 'rocky', with Saint-Exupéry travelling frequently and indulging in numerous affairs, most notably with the Frenchwoman Hélène de Vogüé (–), known as "Nelly" and referred to as "Madame de B." in Saint-Exupéry biographies.[24][Note 2] Vogüé became Saint-Exupéry's literary executrix after his death and also wrote her own Saint-Exupéry biography under a pseudonym, Pierre Chevrier.[26]
Saint-Exupéry continued to write until the spring of when he left the United States with American troops bound for North Africa in the Second World War.[27]
Canadian and American sojourn and The Little Prince
Main article: The Little Prince
Following the German invasion of France in , Saint-Exupéry flew a Bloch MB with the Groupe de reconnaissance II/33 reconnaissance squadron of the Armée de l'Air.[28]
After France's armistice with Germany, Saint-Exupéry went into exile in North America, escaping through Portugal.
He stayed in Estoril, at the Hotel Palácio, between 28 November and 20 December [29] He described his impressions of his stay in Lettre à un Otage.[30] On the same day that he checked out, he boarded the S.S. Siboney and arrived in New York City on the last day of ,[31] with the intention of convincing the US to enter the conflict against Nazi Germany quickly.
On 14 January , at a Hotel Astor author luncheon attended by approximately 1,, he belatedly received his National Book Award for Wind, Sand and Stars, won a year earlier while he was occupied witnessing the destruction of the French Army.[33] Consuelo followed him to New York City several months later after a chaotic migration to the southern French town of Oppède, where she lived in an artist's commune, the basis of her autobiography, Kingdom of the Rocks: Memories of Oppède.[34]
Between January and April , the Saint-Exupérys lived in New York City's Central Park South in twin penthouse apartments, as well as The Bevin House mansion in Asharoken on Long Island, New York and a townhouse on Beekman Place in Manhattan.
Saint-Exupéry and Charles Lindbergh both became P pilots during World War II, with Lindbergh fighting in the Pacific War,[38] and Saint-Exupéry fighting over the Mediterranean, where he later died.[39]
Saint-Exupéry added the hyphen to his surname after his arrival in the United States, saying that he was annoyed with Americans addressing him as "Mr.
Exupéry". During this period, he authored Pilote de guerre (Flight to Arras), which earned widespread acclaim, and Lettre à un otage (Letter to a Hostage), dedicated to the 40 million French living under Nazi oppression, in addition to numerous shorter pieces in support of France. The Saint-Exupérys also resided in Quebec City, Canada for several weeks during the late spring of During their time in Quebec City, the family lived with the philosopher Charles De Koninck and his family, including his "precocious" 8-year-old son, Thomas.[Note 3]
After he returned from his stay in Québec, which had been fraught with illness and stress, the wife of one of his publishers helped persuade Saint-Exupéry to produce a children's book, hoping to calm his nerves and also compete with the new series of Mary Poppins stories by P.L.
Travers. Saint-Exupéry wrote and illustrated The Little Prince in New York City and the village of Asharoken in mid-to-late , with the manuscript being completed in October. It was published in early in both English and French in the United States, and only later appeared in France, posthumously, after the liberation of France, as his works had been banned by the collaborationist Vichy Regime.[Note 4]The Little Prince is dedicated to Saint-Exupéry's close friend Léon Werth.
Return to war
In April , following his 27 months in North America, Saint-Exupéry departed with an American military convoy for Algiers, to fly with the Free French Air Force and fight with the Allies in a Mediterranean-based squadron.
Then 43, soon to be promoted to the rank of commandant (major), he was far older than most men in operational units.
Although eight years over the age limit for such pilots, he had petitioned endlessly for an exemption which had finally been approved by General Dwight Eisenhower. However, Saint-Exupéry had been suffering pain and immobility due to his many previous crash injuries, to the extent that he could not dress himself in his own flight suit or even turn his head leftwards to check for enemy aircraft.
Saint-Exupéry was assigned with a number of other pilots to his former unit, renamed Groupe de reconnaissance 2/33 "Savoie", flying P Lightnings, which an officer described as "war-weary, non-airworthy craft".
The Lightnings were also more sophisticated than models he previously flew, requiring him to undertake seven weeks of stringent training before his first mission. After wrecking a P through engine failure on his second mission, he was grounded for eight months, but was then later reinstated to flight duty on the personal intervention of General Ira Eaker, Deputy Commander of the U.S.
Army Air Forces.[39][Note 5]
After Saint-Exupéry resumed flying, he also returned to his longtime habit of reading and writing while flying his single-seat Lockheed F-5B (a specially configured P reconnaissance variant). His prodigious studies of literature gripped him and on occasion, he continued his readings of literary works until moments before takeoff, with mechanics having warmed up and tested his aircraft for him in preparation for his flight.
On one flight, to the chagrin of his colleagues awaiting his arrival, he circled the airport for an hour after returning, so that he could finish reading a novel. Saint-Exupéry frequently flew with a lined notebook (carnet) during his long solitary flights and some of his philosophical writings were created during such periods when he could reflect on the world below him.
Disappearance
Before his return to flight duty with his squadron in North Africa, the collaborationist Vichy Regime unilaterally promoted Saint-Exupéry as one of its members.
Saint-Exupéry was shocked and dismayed by this, in keeping with his historical harsh criticism of the Vichy Regime. Subsequently, French General (later French President) Charles de Gaulle, whom Saint-Exupéry held in low regard, made a public statement that implied that Saint-Exupéry was supporting Germany. Saint-Exupéry became depressed by these events and began to consume alcohol heavily.[52] His physical and mental health began deteriorating.
Saint-Exupéry was said, by his peers in the air force, to be intermittently subject to depression, and there was discussion about grounding him.[Note 6]
Saint-Exupéry's last reconnaissance mission was to collect intelligence on German troop movements in and around the Rhone Valley preceding Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France.
Although he had been reinstated to his old squadron with the provision that he was to fly only five missions, on 31 July , he took off in an unarmed P on his ninth reconnaissance mission from an airbase on Corsica.[Note 7] To the great alarm of his squadron compatriots, he did not return, vanishing without a trace.[Note 8] Word of his disappearance soon spread across the literary world and then it spread into international headlines.[39]
Discovery at sea
In September , to the east of Riou Island (south of Marseille), a fisherman found a silver identity bracelet bearing the names of Saint-Exupéry, his wife Consuelo, and his American publisher, Reynal & Hitchcock.[58] The bracelet was hooked to a piece of fabric, presumably from his flight suit.[26] Announcement of the discovery was an emotional event in France, where Saint-Exupéry was a national icon, and some disputed its authenticity because it was found far from his intended flight path, implying that the aircraft might not have been shot down.[59]
In May , a diver found debris from a Lockheed P Lightning submerged off the coast of Marseille, near where the bracelet was found.
The discovery galvanized the country, which had conducted searches for his aircraft and speculated on Saint-Exupéry's fate for decades.[60] After a two-year delay imposed by the French government, the remnants of the aircraft were recovered in October [58][Note 9] In , French officials and investigators from the French Underwater Archaeological Department officially confirmed that the wreckage was from Saint-Exupéry's aircraft.[60][62]
No marks or holes attributable to gunfire were found, but that was not considered significant as only a small portion of the aircraft was recovered.[61] In June , the fragments were given to the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace (Air and Space Museum) in Le Bourget, Paris, where Saint-Exupéry's life is commemorated in a special exhibit.[63][64]
Speculations in , and
In , former Luftwaffe telegrapher Rev.
Hermann Korth published his war logs, noting an incident that occurred at around noon on 31 July in which a Focke-Wulf Fw shot down a P Lightning. Korth's account ostensibly supported a shoot-down hypothesis for Saint-Exupéry.[65][66] The veracity of his log was met with skepticism, because it could have described a P which was flown by Second Lieutenant Gene Meredith on 30 July, shot down south of Nice.[65][67][Note 10]
In , the German magazine Der Landser quoted a letter from Luftwaffe reconnaissance pilot Robert Heichele, in which he purportedly claimed to have shot down a P on 31 July [69] His account, corroborated by a spotter, seemingly supported a shoot-down hypothesis of Saint-Exupéry.[70] Heichele's account was met with skepticism because he described flying a Focke-Wulf Fw D-9, a variant which had not yet entered Luftwaffe service.[71]
In the lists which are held by the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, no victory was credited to Heichele or his unit in either July or August , and the decrypted report of the day's reconnaissance does not include any flights by 2./NAG 13's Fw s.[72] Heichele was shot down on 16 August and died five days later.[Note 11][73]
In , a French journalist from La Provence, who was investigating Saint-Exupéry's death, contacted former Luftwaffe pilots who flew in the area of Marseille, eventually getting an account from Horst Rippert (–).[63][75] Rippert was the older brother of the famous bass singer Ivan Rebroff, who was born in Berlin as Hans-Rolf Rippert.
In his memoirs, Horst Rippert, an admirer of Saint-Exupéry's books, expressed both fears and doubts that he was responsible, but in he stated that he became certain that he was responsible when he learned the location of Saint-Exupéry's wreckage.[76] Rippert claimed to have reported the kill over his radio, but there are no surviving records to verify this account.[66][67][Note 12][Note 13]
Rippert's account, as it is discussed in two French and German books, was met with both publicity and skepticism.[78][79] Luftwaffe comrades expressed doubts in Rippert's claim, given that he held it private for 64 years.[81][Note 14] Very little German documentation survived the war, and contemporary archival sources, consisting mostly of Allied intercepts of Luftwaffe signals, offer no evidence to verify Rippert's claim.[83] The entry and exit points of Saint-Exupéry's mission were likely near Cannes, yet his wreckage was discovered south of Marseille.[77]
Though it is possible that German fighters could have intercepted, or at least altered, Saint-Exupéry's flight path, the cause of his death remains unknown, and Rippert's account remains one hypothesis among many.[67][77][84][Note 15]
Literary works
While not precisely autobiographical, much of Saint-Exupéry's work is inspired by his experiences as a pilot.
One notable example is his novella, The Little Prince, a poetic tale self-illustrated in watercolours in which a pilot stranded in the desert meets a young prince fallen to Earth from a tiny asteroid. "His most popular work, The Little Prince was partially based upon a crash he and his navigator survived in the Libyan desert.
Antoine de saint exupery biography in french On July 31, , he left Corsica for a reconnaissance mission over occupied France. France Calendar is out now! On the Earth, the Prince sees a whole row of rosebushes, and is downcast because he thought that his was the only one in the whole universe. Next Antoinette Brown Blackwell.They were stranded and dehydrated for four days, nearing death when they miraculously stumbled upon a Bedouin who gave them water."[86] Saint-Exupéry wrote in Wind, Sand and Stars that the Bedouin saved their lives and gave them "charity and magnanimity [by] bearing the gift of water."[87]The Little Prince is a philosophical story, including societal criticism, remarking on the strangeness of the adult world.
One biographer wrote of his most famous work: "Rarely have an author and a character been so intimately bound together as Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and his Little Prince," and remarking of their dual fates, "the two remain tangled together, twin innocents who fell from the sky."[26]
Saint-Exupéry's notable literary works (published English translations in parentheses) include:[88]
- Wind, Sand and Stars (simultaneous distinct English version)[Note 16] – winner of the U.S.
National Book Award[89][90]
Published posthumously
Other works
During the s, Saint-Exupéry led a mixed life as an aviator, journalist, author and publicist for Air France, Aéropostale's successor. His journalistic writings for Paris-Soir, Marianne and other newspapers covered events in Indochina and the Far East (), the Mediterranean, Soviet Union and Moscow (), and the Spanish Civil War (–).
Saint-Exupéry wrote a number of shorter pieces, essays and commentaries for various newspapers and magazines.
Notable among those during World War II was "An Open Letter to Frenchmen Everywhere", which was highly controversial in its attempt to rally support for France against Nazi oppression at a time when the French were sharply divided between support of the Gaullists and Vichy factions.
It was published in The New York Times Magazine in November , in its original French in Le Canada, de Montréal at the same time, and in Pour la Victoire the following month.[98][89] Other shorter pieces include (in French except where translated by others to English):[94][98]
- "Une Lettre de M.
de Saint-Exupéry", Les Annales politiques et littéraires, 15 December ; (extracts from a letter written to Benjamin Crémieux).
- Preface of Destin de Le Brix by José le Boucher, Nouvelle Librairie Française,
- Preface of Grandeur et servitude de l'aviation by Maurice Bourdet, Paris: Editions Corrêa,
- "Reflections on War", translated from Paris-Soir and published in Living Age, November , pp.&#;–
- Preface of Vent se lève (French translation of Listen!
The Wind) by Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Paris: Editions Corrêa, [Note 18]
- Preface of Pilotes d'essai by Jean-Marie Conty, Paris: Edition Spes,
- "Books I Remember", Harper's Bazaar, April
- "Letter to Young Americans", The American High School Weekly, 25 May , pp.&#;17–
- "Voulez-vous, Français, vous reconcilier?", Le Canada, de Montreal, 30 November
- "L'Homme et les éléments", Confluences, , Vol.
VII, pp.&#;12–14 (issue dedicated to Saint-Exupéry; originally published in English in as 'The Elements' in Wind, Sand and Stars).
- "Lettre Inédite au General C", Le Figaro Littéraire, 10 April (posthumous).
- "Seigneur Berbère", La Table Ronde, No. 7, July (posthumous).
Censorship and publication bans
Pilote de guerre (Flight To Arras), which describes the German invasion of France, was slightly censored when it was released in its original French during wartime by Éditions Gallimard in his homeland in , due to the removal of a derogatory remark which was made about Hitler (which Gallimard failed to reinsert in subsequent editions after World War II).
Shortly after the book's wartime release in France, Nazi appeasers and Vichy supporters objected to its praise of one of Saint-Exupéry's squadron colleagues, Captain Jean Israël, who was portrayed as being amongst the squadron's bravest defenders during the Battle of France.[99]
In support of their German occupiers and masters, Vichy authorities attacked the author as a defender of Jews (in racist terms) leading to the praised book being banned in France,[99] along with prohibitions against further printings of Saint-Exupéry's other works.
Prior to France's liberation new printings of Saint-Exupéry's works were made available there only by means of covert print runs, such as that of February when 1, copies of an underground version of Pilote de guerre were printed in Lyon.[]
A further complication occurred due to Saint-Exupéry's and others' view of General Charles de Gaulle, who was held in low regard.
Early in the war, de Gaulle became the leader of the Free French Forces in exile, with his headquarters in London. Even though both men were working to free France from Nazi occupation, Saint-Exupéry viewed de Gaulle with apprehension as a possible post-war dictator, and he consequently provided no public support to the General.
De Gaulle retaliated by implying that the author was a supporter of Germany, and he then had his literary works banned in France's North African colonies. Saint-Exupéry's writings were, with irony, banned simultaneously in occupied France and the territory which was controlled by Free France.[26]
Extension of s in France
Due to Saint-Exupéry's wartime death, the French government awarded his estate the civil code designation Mort pour la France (English: Died for France) in Amongst the law's provisions is an increase of 30 years to the duration of the original 's duration of 70 years; thus most of Saint-Exupéry's creative works will not fall out of status in France for an extra 30 years.[]
Honours and legacy
- Saint-Exupéry is commemorated with an inscription in the Panthéon in Paris, France's repository of historical greats.
Although his body was never identified, his name was added to the Panthéon in November by a French legislative act. The inscription reads: "A LA MEMOIRE DE • ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY • POETE ROMANCIER AVIATEUR • DISPARU AU COURS D'UNE MISSION • DE RECONNAISSANCE AERIENNE • LE 31 JUILLET " (To the memory of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, poet, novelist, aviator, missing during an aerial reconnaissance mission, 31 July ).
Amongst other honours from France, he was named a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in April and was promoted to Officier de la Légion d'honneur in January He was awarded the Croix de Guerre in and was posthumously awarded the Croix de Guerre avec Palme in []
- From until the introduction of the euro, Saint-Exupéry's portrait and several of his drawings from The Little Prince appeared on France's franc banknote.[26] The French Government also later minted a franc commemorative coin, with Saint-Exupéry on its obverse side, and the Little Prince on its reverse.
Brass-plated souvenir Monnaie de Paris commemorative medallions were also created in his honour, depicting the pilot's portrait over the P Lightning aircraft he last flew.
- In , the Government of Quebec and Quebec City added a historical marker to the family home of Charles De Koninck, head of the Department of Philosophy at Université Laval, where the Saint-Exupérys stayed while lecturing in Canada for several weeks during May and June []
- In , on the centenary of his birth, in the city where he was born, he was memorialised when the Lyon Satolas Airport was renamed the Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport.
Lyon's TGV bullet train station was also renamed Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry. The author is additionally commemorated by a statue in Lyon, depicting a seated Saint-Exupéry with the little prince standing behind him.[]
- A street in Montesson, a suburb of Paris, is named after him as Rue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.[]
Museums and exhibits
Museum exhibits, exhibitions and theme villages dedicated to both him and his diminutive Little Prince have been created in Le Bourget, Paris and other locations in France, as well as in the Republic of South Korea, Japan, Morocco, Brazil, the United States and Canada:[citation needed]
- The Air and Space Museum at Paris's Le Bourget Airport, in cooperation with The Estate of Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay, has created a permanent exhibit of m2 dedicated to the author, pilot, person and humanist.
The Espace Saint-Exupéry exhibit, officially inaugurated in on the anniversary of the aviator's birthday,[] traces each stage of his life as an airmail pioneer, eclectic intellectual artist, and military pilot.
Wind sand and stars A lady reported having seen a plane crash around noon of August 1 near the Bay of Carqueiranne. Personalities Charles de Gaulle These discoveries were dedicated to creating materials that would improve piloting performance, or to developing procedures for more accurate navigation in the air. Related Articles.It includes artefacts from his life: photographs, his drawings, letters, some of his original notebooks (carnets) he scribbled in voluminously and which were later published posthumously, plus remnants of the unarmed P he flew on his last reconnaissance mission and which were recovered from the Mediterranean Sea.[]
- In Tarfaya, Morocco, next to the Cape Juby airfield where Saint-Exupéry was based as an Aéropostale airmail pilot/station manager, Antoine de Saint-Exupery Museum was created honouring both him and the company.
A small monument at the airfield is also dedicated to them.[citation needed]
- In Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, and Hakone, Japan, theme village museums have been created honouring Saint-Exupéry's Little Prince.
- In January , the Alberta Aviation Museum of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in conjunction with the cultural organization Alliance française, presented a showing of Saint-Exupéry letters, watercolours, sketches and photographs.[]
- In São Paulo, Brazil, through , the Oca Art Exhibition Centre presented Saint-Exupéry and The Little Prince as part of The Year of France and The Little Prince.
The displays covered over 10, m2 on four floors, and chronicled Saint-Exupéry, The Little Prince and their philosophies, as visitors passed through theme areas of the desert, asteroids, stars, and the cosmos. The ground floor of the giant exhibition was laid out as a huge map of the routes flown by the author with Aeropostale in South America and around the world.
Also included was a full-scale replica of the author's crashed Caudron Simoun, lying wrecked on the ground of a simulated Libyan desert following his disastrous Paris-Saigon race attempt. The miraculous survival of Saint-Exupéry and his mechanic/navigator was subsequently chronicled in the award-winning memoir Wind, Sand and Stars (Terre des hommes), and also formed the introduction of his most famous work The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince).[]
- In , the City of Toulouse, France, home of Airbus and the pioneering airmail carrier Aéropostale, in conjunction with the Estate of Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay and the Youth Foundation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, hosted a major exposition on Saint-Exupéry and his experience with Aéropostale.
The exposition, titled L'année Antoine de Saint-Exupéry à Toulouse, exhibited selected personal artefacts of the author-aviator, including gloves, photos, posters, maps, manuscripts, drawings, models of the aircraft he flew, some of the wreckage from his Sahara Desert plane crash, and the personal silver identification bracelet engraved with his and Consuelo's name, presented by his U.S.
publisher, which was recovered from his last, ultimate crash site in the Mediterranean Sea.[]
- A number of other prominent exhibitions were created in France and the United States, many of them in , honouring the centenary of the author-aviator's birth.
- In January , New York City's Morgan Library & Museum featured a major three-month-long exhibition, The Little Prince: A New York Story.
Celebrating the 70th anniversary year of the novella's publication, its exhibits included many of Saint-Exupéry's original manuscript pages, his story's preliminary drawings and watercolor paintings, and also examined Saint-Exupéry's creative writing processes.[][][][][]
International
- Saint-Exupéry's memoir Terre des hommes (titled as Wind, Sand and Stars in English) was chosen to create the central theme (Terre des Hommes–Man and His World) of the International and Universal Exposition in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Expo '67), the most successful world's fair of the 20th century.
The central theme, which also generated the 17 subsidiary elements used for the world's fair, was elucidated at a Montebello, Quebec, conference held with some of Canada's leading thinkers. At Montebello, French-Canadian author Gabrielle Roy helped choose the central theme by quoting Saint-Exupéry on mankind's place in the universe:[citation needed]
"Être homme, c'est précisément être responsable.
C'est sentir, en posant sa pierre, que l'on contribue à bâtir le monde" (to be a man is to be responsible, to feel that by laying one's own stone, one contributes to building the world)
- Additionally, Michèle Lalonde and André Prévost's oratorioTerre des hommes, performed at the Place des Nations opening ceremonies and attended by the international delegates of the participating countries, strongly projected the French writer's 'idealist rhetoric'.
Consuelo de Saint-Exupéry (–), his widow, was also a guest of honour at the opening ceremonies of the World's Fair.[]
- Asteroid Saint-Exupéry, discovered in November by Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova and provisionally cataloged as Asteroid VW3, was renamed in the author-aviator's honour.[] Another asteroid was named as Bésixdouze (translated to and from both hexadecimal and French as 'B').[] Additionally the terrestrial-asteroid protection organization B Foundation was named in tribute to the author's Little Prince, who fell to Earth from Asteroid B[][][][]
- Philatelic tributes have been printed in at least 25 other countries as of [update].[] Only three years after his death, the pilot-aviator was first featured on an 8 franc French West Africa airmail stamp (Scott Catalog # C11).
France followed several months later in with an 80 franc airmail stamp honouring him (CB1), and later with another stamp honouring both him and airmail pioneer Jean Mermoz, plus the supersonic Concorde passenger airliner, in (C43).[] In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the writer's death, Israel issued a stamp honouring "Saint-Ex" and The Little Prince in []
- In Argentina and Brazil, where Saint-Exupéry became the founding director of the pioneering South American airmail airline Aeroposta Argentina: