Indonesian army size

Pattimura

National hero of Indonesia

In this article, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June &#;&#; 16 December ), also known as Kapitan Pattimura or simply Pattimura, was a famous Ambonese soldier who became a symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for independence, praised by President Sukarno and declared a national hero by President Suharto.

He has several namesakes in both the Netherlands and in the Indonesian archipelago.

Born on the island of Ceram, Pattimura joined the British Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands from the French. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in , he was dismissed.

Lambang ko dam pattimura biography wikipedia At Ambon Pattimura Airport there are several immigration, quarantine, customs, cargo buildings, restaurants, public telephones, and post offices. Dutch colonial conflicts. Public domain Public domain false false. Kapitan Pattimura was also known to be shrewd and able to gather the great strength of the Maluku people, making it difficult for the Dutch movement in Maluku.

The return of the Dutch in marked a change in the colonial system. After the bankruptcy of the Dutch East India Company, the Indonesian archipelago came under the control of the newly founded Kingdom of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other things, the establishment of a colonial army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans in particular were wanted as ethnic soldiers in the KNIL.

Despite Pattimura's revolt, the myth of a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and the royal family began.

Lambang ko dam pattimura biography in hindi: Kompas in Indonesian. Public domain Public domain false false. The wealth of spices in Maluku became an attraction for European nations who in the end tried to take control of Maluku. Pranala luar [ sunting sunting sumber ].

Pattimura and his followers feared harsher colonial oppression than the English under whom he had served. On 16 May , Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the inhabitants of the fortress and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Moluccan people. After being betrayed by the King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Dutch forces on 11 November and hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy on 8 June in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a little brother named Yohanis.[3] According to I.O. Nanulaitta, quoted from , Matulessia's family is a Protestant Christian.

But, there is a strong source validly said that Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission on The strongly indication said that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics. In , the Maluku islands were taken over from the Napoleonic France by the British.[4] Mattulessi received military training from their army and reached the rank of sergeant major.[1]

After the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August ,[1] in the Maluku islands were returned to the Dutch; Pattimura attended the ceremony.[4] Afterwards, in violation of the treaty, he and his fellow soldiers were discharged to their hometowns.[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration of Dutch power.

He felt that they would stop paying native Christian teachers, as the French had done in , and was concerned that a proposed switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people unable to give alms&#;— only coins were considered valid&#;— and thus lead to churches being unable to help the poor.[5]

Ambon revolt of

Main article: Commissioners-General of the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by the people of Saparua to rebel against the Dutch on 14 May [1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu and Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.[6]

Battle of Fort Duurstede

On 16 May , the rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Dutch soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and his family (who had arrived just two months earlier), his wife, three of his children and their governess.[7][1][6] The only Dutch survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.[6]

Storming of Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort and on May 20 defeated and killed Major Beetjes, Second Lieutenant E.

S. de Haas, and their nearly troops, leaving only 30 survivors.[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Proclamation, which outlined their grievances against the Dutch government and declared Pattimura to be the leader of the Maluku people.[8] In response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor of Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses of the local people.[9]

Siege of Fort Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura led an unsuccessful attack on Fort Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in this attack.

Lambang ko dam pattimura biography in english The war that was carried out by Kapitan Pattimura which was national in scale was faced by the Dutch with a large and strong military force by sending Admiral Buykes himself, a Commissioner General to face Patimura. After the colonial period was over, Maluku was fully maintained as a province before North Maluku was divided into its own province at the end of the 20th century. No wonder Pattimura is very good at fighting and escorting troops. References [ edit ].

And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering deaths and losses moral on the rebels [8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months later, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by the Dutch, but the revolt had spread and was not subdued for another few months. The capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and the entire island was still in the rebel's hand and also the counter offensive victory of the Dutch .[7]

Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was arrested on 11 November while he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December , Pattimura together with Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, and Said Parintah were hanged in front of Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his war have been used as symbols for both Maluku independence, such as with the short-lived Republic of South Maluku,[12] and Indonesian patriotism.[13] The first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura a great patriot.[13]

In , Sapija, an officer of the TNI, the Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Battle of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered that his grandfather had carried the hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor in Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona in the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Shade of Mount Nunusaku), oral history in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used the title when they moved to Hulaliu so it is possible Mattulessy used the hereditary title.

Although no contemporary written account attested Mattulessy used the title. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Indonesian historians, Matulessy was declared a pahlawan nasional (national hero) in not under his name, but under the authoritative title Kapitan Pattimura. The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title National Hero of Indonesia by President Suharto in through Presidential Decree number 87/TK, very little was written in independent Indonesia on this subject and he was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.[15][10] How widely this interpretation can vary is perhaps most clearly indicated by the fact that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic of Indonesia put forward Pattimura as their Freedom Hero.[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in the names of the University of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and a street, as well as a statue; there are also streets named after him throughout the archipelago.[13] In Wierden, the Netherlands, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated as Pattimura Day[16] in the Netherlands and Indonesia. In addition, a similar, smaller holiday is held on 2 January to commemorate the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.[17] He is also featured on the issue 1, rupiah banknote.[18]

References

  1. ^ abcdeAjisaka & Damayanti , p.&#;9
  2. ^ abPoesponegoro & Notosusanto , p.&#;
  3. ^Sudarmanto , p.&#;
  4. ^ abcSudarmanto , p.&#;
  5. ^Aritonang & Steenbrink , p.&#;
  6. ^ abcKusumaputra, Adhi (9 November ).

  7. Lambang ko dam pattimura biography in hindi
  8. Lambang ko dam pattimura biography in tagalog
  9. Lambang ko dam pattimura biography images

    10. "Pattimura, Pahlawan asal Maluku yang Dihukum Mati Belanda" [Pattimura, the Hero from Maluku who was Executed by the Dutch]. Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 July Retrieved 15 January

  10. ^ abcPeter van Zonneveld ()Pattimura en het kind van Saparua.

    De Molukken-opstand van in de Indisch-Nederlandse literatuur, Indische Letteren,

  11. ^ abSudarmanto , p.&#;
  12. ^Thomas Matulessy, Kapitan Pattimura Muda
  13. ^ abAjisaka & Damayanti , p.&#;10
  14. ^Sudarmanto , p.&#;
  15. ^Lundry , p.&#;
  16. ^ abcLundry , p.&#;37
  17. ^"Menggelar Gelar Pattimura".

    Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia (in Indonesian).

    Lambang ko dam pattimura biography In , the Dutch colonialists returned and received a strong challenge from the people. Kapitan Pattimura was arrested on 11 November while in Siri Sori. On 16 May , Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede , killing the inhabitants of the fortress and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Moluccan people. Licensing [ edit ].

    5 July Retrieved 25 January

  18. ^ ab[bare URL PDF]
  19. ^Lundry , p.&#;
  20. ^Tunny, Azis (27 April ). "Martha Christina Tiahahu: The 'kabaressi' heroine of Maluku". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta.

    Archived from the original on 29 May Retrieved 27 December

  21. ^Cuhaj , p.&#;

Bibliography

  • Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Studies in Christian mission. Vol.&#; Leiden: Brill. ISBN&#;.
  • Cuhaj, George ().

    Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Volume 3, Modern Issues Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN&#;.

  • Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Indonesian Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised&#;ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka.

    Lambang ko dam pattimura biography summary East India Company. Ambon revolt of [ edit ]. Previously, Kapitan Pattimura had a career in the military as a former British military sergeant. The name Kapitan Pattimura is immortalized in several places, such as:.

    ISBN&#;.

  • Lundry, Chris (). Separatism and State Cohesion in Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN&#;.
  • Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke dan ke [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and 19th Century] (in Indonesian).

    Vol.&#;4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN&#;.

  • Sudarmanto, J. B. ().

  • Indonesian navy
  • Indonesian military equipment
  • Indonesian army uniform
  • Indonesian special forces

    • Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN&#;.